Genişletilmiş Bilincin Olanağı Üzerine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33182/bc.v9i1.631Keywords:
migrant entrepreneurs, integration, ethnic population, Japanese societyAbstract
Bu çalışmada, genişletilmiş zihnin olası olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Bunu yaparken hem genişletilmiş zihin tezine hem de genişletilmiş bilinç tezine değinilmektedir. Genişletilmiş zihin tezinin ele alınmasının nedeni, genişletilmiş zihin tezi ile olan yakın ilişkisidir. İlk bölüm, dolayısıyla, genişletilmiş zihin tezini ele alırken, özellikle “denklik ilkesi”nin, bazı düşünce deneyleri ve bu deneylerin tez ile olan alakalarının ve “algı-eylem” bağlılığının üzerinde durmaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise Andy Clark’ın genişletilmiş zihin tezine karşı çıkışları, Victor Loughlin’in ve Karina Vold’un tezi destekleyen önerilerine de odaklanarak ele alınmaktadır. Öyle görünmektedir ki, Andy Clark ve paralel olarak da David Chalmers tarafından bilinç süreçlerinin hızı baz alınarak yapılan öneriler, Vold’un da dediği gibi, yanlıştır. Loughlin ve Vold’un argümanları ve düşünce deneyleri ışığında denebilir ki, genişletilmiş zihin tezi artık daha olası görünmektedir. David Chalmers tarafından “direktlik” üzerinden bilincin içselliğini destekleyen bir argüman geliştirilmiş olsa da, hâlâ, Chalmers’ın da kabul ettiği üzere, bu tür bir direktlik için yeter koşullar belirlenmiş değildir. Bu makalenin amacı, söz konusu tartışmaları eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile ele alarak Türkçe literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.
Abstract in EnglishOn The Possibility of Extended Consciousness
In this paper, I aim to analyse the answers to the question about whether extended consciousness is possible. To this end, I examine both the extended mind thesis and the extended consciousness thesis. The extended mind thesis is analysed as it is important to understand the extended consciousness thesis within the framework of this paper. The first part deals with the extended mind thesis and places special emphasis on the ‘parity principle’, some thought experiments (and their relation to the thesis) and ‘perception-action’ dependence. In the second part, I examine the extended consciousness thesis by looking at Andy Clark’s responses to such a thesis and focusing on the recent discussions prompted by Victor Loughlin’s and Karina Vold’s accounts. It seems that the original refutation by Andy Clark and David Chalmers, centring on the speed of conscious processes, is misleading, as Vold objected. Following the arguments and thought experiments of Loughlin and Vold, it can be said that the thesis of extended consciousness seems more plausible than was the case before. Although there is now a special emphasis on ‘directness’, as a criterion to account for the consciousness internalism of Chalmers, it can still be said that, as Chalmers also state, no sufficient condition is represented for such directness. The aim of this paper is to contribute to corresponding Turkish literature by highlighting the recent discussions concerning the extended consciousness thesis.
Metrics
References
Adams, F., Aizawa, K. (2008). The Bounds of Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bach y Rita, P., Kercel, S. W. (2003). “Sensory Substitution and the Human-Machine Interface”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences. (7:12): 541 – 546.
Chalmers, D. (2018). “Extended Cognition and Extended Consciousness”. http://consc.net/papers/excexc.pdf
Clark, A. (2001). Mindware: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Cognitive Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clark, A. (2003). Natural-born Cyborgs: Minds, Technologies and the Future of Human Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clark, A. (2008). Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action and Cognitive Extension. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Clark, A. (2009). “Spreading the Joy? Why the Machinery of Consciousness is (Probably) Still in the Head” Mind. (118): 963 – 993.
Clark, A. (2010). “Coupling, Constitution, and the Cognitive Kind: A Reply to Adams and Aizawa”. in: Menary, R. (ed) The Extended Mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Clark, A., Chalmers, D. (1998). “The Extended Mind”, Analysis. (58:1): 7 – 19.
Cosmelli, D., Thompson, E. (2010). “Embodiment or Envatment? Reflections on the Bodily Basis of Consciousness” in: Stewart J., Gapenne, O., di Paolo, E. (ed) Enaction: Towards a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science, Cambridge: MIT Press.
Eliasmith, C. (2008). “Dynamics, Control, and Cognition”. in: Robbins, P., Aydede, M. (ed) The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Farkas, K. (2012). “Two Versions of the Extended Mind Thesis”, Philosophia, (40): 435 – 447.
Loughlin, V. (2013). “Sketch This: Extended Mind and Conscious Extension”, Phenomenology and Cognitive Sciences. (12:1): 41 – 50.
Putnam, H. (1981). Reason, Truth and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Revonsuo, R. (1999). “Binding and the Phenomenal Unity of Consciousness”. Consciousness and Cognition, (8): 173–185.
Rupert, R. (2009). Cognitive SYstems and the Extended Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1997). “Breaking the Hold: Sİlicon Brains, Conscious Robots, and Other Minds”. in: Flanagan, O. J., Block, N., Guzeldere, G. (ed) The Nature of Consciousness. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Singer, W. (2003). “Synchronization, binding and Expectancy”. in: Arbib, M. (ed) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Van Leeuwen, C., Verstijnen, I., Hekkert, P. (1999). “Common Unconscious Dynamics Underlie Uncommon Conscious Effects: A Case Study in the Interactive Nature of Perception and Creation” in: Jordan, J. S. (ed) Modelling Consciousness Across the Disciplines. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Vold, K. (2015). “The Parity Argument for Extended Consciousness”, Journal of Consciousness Studies, (22): 16 – 33.
Vold, K. (2016). “The What and Where of Mental States: On What is Distinctive about the Extended Mind Thesis”. Minds Online. http://mindsonline.philosophyofbrains.com/2016/2016-2/the-what-and-where-of-mental-states-on-what-is-distinctive-about-the-extended-mind-thesis/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 BORDER CROSSING
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
The works in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.